![]() Planning is the first as well as most crucial function of management and is considered as a foundation to all other functions of management. (g) An open system approach involving continuous monitoring of environment should be adopted. (f) Planning must include awareness and acceptance of change. (e) Long-range planning must be integrated with short range planning. (d) Goals, premises and policies must be properly communicated. (c) Planning must be organized for wider participation in the formulation and execution of plan. (b) Planning must start at the top, initiative and support of top management is essential for effective planning. ![]() Rather a climate conducive to planning should he created. Koontz and O’Donnell have suggested the following measures for making planning more effective in a fast changing environment: In such an environment contingent plans can be prepared. In a fast changing environment the need for planning is all the more important because risk and uncertainty increase. Planning enables management to command the future rather than being swept away by future. Through planning, it can search for and prepare itself to meet the contingencies and challenges. When events are left to chance the organization has no guide and cannot survive environmental threats. But planning in advance is better than reacting to the environmental crisis as and when they arise. It is true that a last changing environment reduces the accuracy and reliability of planning. The plans might fail to guide the destiny of the organization. Plans have to be revised again and again in a highly volatile environment. Even the best laid planning may become redundant when the assumptions and forecasts on which the plans are based turn out to be different. Uncertainty and unpredictability of environment reduce the usefulness of planning in a turbulent environment planning becomes a more time-consuming and expensive exercise.
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